Endometriosis: Causes, Stages, Treatment

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Endometriosis

Introduction Endometriosis is derived from the Greek words, ‘endo’ meaning inside, ‘metra’ meaning uterus, and ‘osis’ meaning disease. Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent gynecological disease characterized by the ectopic implantation of the endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Epidemiology Types of Endometriosis The three most typical types of endometriosis are: Superficial peritoneal lesions Ovarian endometrioma Deep … Read more

Trigeminal Neuralgia

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Trigeminal Neuralgia

Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is also known as prosopalgia, the Suicide Disease, or Fothergill’s disease. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain; Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) is sudden, usually unilateral, severe brief stabbing recurrent pains in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. According to the … Read more

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

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Lumbar Puncture

Introduction Lumbar puncture (Spinal tap) is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal, most commonly to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing and occasionally for therapeutic purposes. CSF Indications  of Lumbar Puncture  Contraindications of Lumbar Puncture Absolute contraindications Relative contraindications Equipment required for Lumbar Puncture Procedure  Preparation before the … Read more

Paleo Diet: A Weight Loss Eating Pattern

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Paleo Diet Plate

Introduction A paleo diet is also known as the Paleolithic diet, caveman diet, and Stone-age diet. It is the dietary pattern centered on the consumption of wild foods which were widely consumed during the Paleolithic era. Components of Paleo Nutrition Nutrients Amount Protein High (19-35%)   Carbohydrate   Moderate (22-40%) Total fat Moderate (28-47%)   … Read more

Hepatitis B: Risk Factors, Treatment, Prevention

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Hepatitis B

Introduction Hepatitis B is a serious and common infectious disease of the liver caused by a Hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped virus containing a partially double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the ‘Hepadnaviridae’ family Incidence Types of Hepatitis B Infection There are two types of hepatitis B infections: Acute Hepatitis B Infection Chronic Hepatitis B … Read more

Cervical Biopsy: A Diagnostic Test of Cervical Cancer

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Cervical Biopsy

Introduction A cervical biopsy is a minor surgical procedure in which a small amount of cervical tissue is removed for examination to detect abnormal or precancerous conditions or cervical cancer. Epidemiology Indications of Cervical Biopsy Histopathological examination of tissue through colposcopy-guided biopsy is the standard method for diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions. A cervical biopsy is … Read more

Colposcopy: Cervical Cancer Screening Test

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Colposcopy Examination

Introduction Colposcopy is a procedure to visualize and assess the uterine cervix, specifically the transformation zone (TZ), for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cancer using a specific instrument called a colposcope. Epidemiology Elements making up a Colposcope The head of the colposcope is the essential part and is made up of … Read more

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Introduction Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are infections that affect any part of the urinary system. UTIs are a serious public health issue caused by a variety of organisms like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Classification of Urinary Tract Infection According to the Level of Complexity Uncomplicated UTI … Read more

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to the nonmalignant enlargement or hyperplasia of prostate tissue and is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. With age, the prevalence of the disease rises. Indeed, the histological prevalence of BPH at autopsy ranges from 50% to 60% in men in their 60s to 80% … Read more

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Introduction Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a group of opportunistic pathogens that has emerged as a widespread cause of both community- and hospital-acquired infections. Types of MRSA Health-care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) Incidence Mode of Tansmission of MRSA Causes of MRSA Who are at Risk for MRSA infection? MRSA infection can occur in any … Read more