Pharmacology

The study of drugs and how they interact with biological systems is known as pharmacology. It is a branch of pharmaceutical, biological, and medical sciences that studies how drugs work and how the body responds to the drugs.

  • To be more specific, it is the study of how chemicals interact with living things to change normal or abnormal biochemical functions.
  • Pharmacology brings together the fields of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, and veterinary medicine.
  • It covers the sources, chemical properties, biological effects, and therapeutic applications of drugs.
  • Any molecule (natural, artificial, or endogenous) that has a biochemical or physiological effect on a cell, tissue, organ, or organism is considered a drug.
  • Pharmacodynamics (the study of the effect of a drug on biological systems) and pharmacokinetics (the study of the effect of biological systems on a drug) are the two main areas of pharmacology.
  • In a broader sense, pharmacodynamics is the study of chemicals and their interactions with biological receptors, while pharmacokinetics is the study of chemicals’ absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) from biological systems.
  • Pharmacologist is a medical scientist who analyses and investigates chemicals, drugs, and other substances to discover their effects on living things.
  • The roles of a pharmacologist are discovering new medicines that can help fight diseases, reduce undesirable side effects while increasing their effectiveness, comprehend why people respond to medicines differently and why some are more effective than others, and comprehend why some drugs lead to addiction, etc.
  • Chemical agents’ effects on subcellular, systemic, physiological, or behavioral processes can be studied in pharmacological studies. concentrate on disease treatment and prevention
  • Moreover, pharmacology focuses on the prevention and treatment of disease, studying the chemical effects on subcellular, systemic, physiological, or behavioral processes.

Chemotherapy (Chemo): Mechanisms, Types

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Chemotherapy

Introduction The term “chemotherapy”, also called chemo, came from two words: chemical & therapy, which mean “drug treatment.” Chemotherapy refers to treatment with a cell-killing (cytotoxic) medication. It uses medications (antineoplastic drugs) to either kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing and dividing by interfering with cellular function and reproduction. It is used to … Read more

Antihypertensive Drugs

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Antihypertensive Drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs are a group of drugs used to treat high blood pressure (Hypertension). Hypertension Classification of Hypertension Primary hypertension Secondary hypertension Categories of Blood Pressure The new categories of blood pressure (BP) according to the American Heart Association are shown in the figure below.    These categories should not be based on BP readings at a … Read more

Common Emergency Drugs

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There are many emergency drugs that you should know for your daily practice. Some of them are listed below with doses and side effects. Drugs (Brand Names) Indications Route Adult Dose Side Effects Adenosine   (Adenocard, Adenoscan, Adeno-jec, My-O-Den, Myoden) Acute treatment of supraventricular tachycardia IV 1st 0.1 mg/kg/dose 2nd 0.2mg/kg/dose 3rd 0.3mg/kg/dose. Discomfort in … Read more

Diuretics

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Diuretics: Site of Action

Introduction Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output by the kidneys. Indications Diuretics use when the volume of liquid in the body should reduce by increasing urine output: Types of diuretics Osmotic Diuretics Pharmaceuticals Indications Contraindications Side effects Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Pharmaceuticals Indications Contraindications Side effects Thiazides Diuretics Pharmaceuticals Indications Contraindications Side effects Loop Diuretics … Read more