The Acid Concentrate in Bicarbonate Dialysis The acid concentrate is vital in bicarbonate dialysis. Due to the diffusion of dissolved substances from the blood into the dialysis solution and vice versa, the blood concentrations can be increased, decreased, or kept constant. Sodium Sodium significantly influences the volume and osmolarity of the extracellular fluid. Therefore, sodium … Read more
As the effectiveness of hemodialysis depends on the urea value, let´s first understand urea. Each dialysis facility must record and report the so-called quality indicators of every patient quarterly. These include: Measurement of the effectiveness of hemodialysis There are mainly two ways to measure the effectiveness of hemodialysis. The Urea Reduction Rate (URR) K×t/V K … Read more
Dialysate (Dialysis Solution for the Hemodialysis) Dialysate, also called dialysis fluid or dialysis solution, is a simple composition of pure treated water, an acidic component (acid) and a base component (sodium bicarbonate). It is mixed in the dialysis machine before it comes to the dialyzer. The electrolyte and acid-base imbalances are typical effects of end-stage … Read more
Bicarbonate in Bicarbonate Dialysis There is a significant role of bicarbonate in bicarbonate dialysis. Two concentrates are used in bicarbonate dialysis: the so-called acid component and a bicarbonate solution (8.4%). Bicarbonate Buffer Hydrogen ions (H+) formed during metabolism are buffered to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which decomposes into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Carbon dioxide … Read more
What is Hemodialysis (HD)? Hemodialysis (HD) is a type of dialysis which is an effective and the most common artificial blood purification procedure (or renal replacement therapy) used in renal failure to replace the detoxification and excretion function. Hemodialysis removes uremic toxins from blood primarily by the transport mechanism of diffusion. The ultrafiltration method helps … Read more
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) means all extracorporeal dialysis and hemofiltration treatments that are usually carried out under intensive care conditions without significant interruption over 24 hours on one or more days and are primarily used in acute kidney failure. Types of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Continuous Arterio-Venous Method … Read more