Nephrology Disease

Diseases related to the kidney is called nephrology disease that can be acute and chronic. The kidneys have different functions. The action of filtration, reabsorption, and excretion of the nephron (the functional unit of the kidney) is responsible for a healthy human body. 

• Kidney disease indicates partial or complete damage of the kidneys.
• If the kidneys stop working suddenly, it is called acute kidney failure or injury (AKI).
• The major causes of AKI are low blood flow to the kidney due to hypovolemia and shock, toxins, medicines, etc.
• The patient with AKI can recover. Sometimes the patient needs some episodes of hemodialysis to cure. 
• However, some patients can develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) and need lifetime treatment or a kidney transplant.
• Chronic kidney disease means an abnormal change in kidney structure or function that persists for more than three months with health consequences. 
• Nephrology disease can diagnose with different investigation procedures. E.g., albuminuria, urinary sediment, electrolyte changes, or other histological changes.
• The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria can determine the stages of CDK.
• According to KDIGO 2013, GFR category into five different stages. The fifth stage, called end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is the final and worse stage. It can treat with dialysis or a kidney transplant.
• Approximately 10% of the population is affected by chronic kidney disease worldwide. The causes seem to be increasing aging and the increase in patients with diabetes and arterial hypertension. 
• In addition, symptoms of kidney disease depend on the causes of the underlying disease condition to a large extent.
• Some CKD is interstitial nephritis, Pyelonephritis, Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, Hereditary kidney diseases, kidney tumor, etc.