What is Hyperglycemia? Hyperglycemia is the medical or technical term for high blood sugar (glucose). It happens when the body does not produce insulin or cannot use insulin properly. What are the Causes of Hyperglycemia? Hyperglycemia can have various causes : Who is at Risk of Hyperglycemia? Hyperglycemia can occur in a wide variety of … Read more
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) The oral glucose tolerance test shows how much blood glucose rises after drinking a defined sugar solution. The test helps to identify people with increased risk of diabetes or manifest type 2 diabetes. It uses commonly during pregnancy for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). What is an OGTT? An oral glucose tolerance test … Read more
List of Common Medical Abbreviations The following list contains medical abbreviations used in the literature, in medical reports, in doctors’ letters (discharge letters, patients’ letters), on prescriptions and in medical practice. Many medical terms are too long and too complicated to be used in everyday clinical practice. Words are therefore shortened, and catchy abbreviations are … Read more
Introduction Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by low cardiac output and compromised tissue perfusion. When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the oxygen and nutrient demands of the body, it occurs. Usually, several heart diseases are the reason for a severe reduction in the pumping capacity of the heart. Cardiogenic … Read more
Introduction Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic condition characterized by bilateral renal cysts (fluid-filled sacs) and renal enlargement. It is a progressive multisystem illness involving other organs e.g., liver, pancreas, spleen, etc. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) are two primary types of PKD. Kidney failure can … Read more
Introduction A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening in front of the neck (anterior trachea) to breathe effectively and to allow the air to flow to the lungs. The procedure to make an incision into the trachea is called tracheotomy, and the opening itself is called a tracheostomy (also called a stoma). However, the terms … Read more
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is progressive and occurs due to the death of nerve cells in the brain. It is the most common form of dementia caused by protein build-up in the brain affecting the transmission of messages in the brain cells. In general, Alzheimer’s disease affects parts of the brain … Read more
Introduction Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to break up kidney stones and other stones in the urinary tract into smaller fragments so that they can be more easily passed out of the body. Types of Lithotripsy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Intracorporeal Lithotripsy Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL) Laser Lithotripsy Ultrasound Lithotripsy Indications of Lithotripsy Lithotripsy … Read more
Introduction PET scan (positron emission tomography Scan) is a functional scanning technique that uses radiotracers (radioactive substances), a special camera, and a computer to project and measure variations in metabolic processes, and other physical activities inside the body including blood flow, local chemical composition, as well as absorption. The scan reveals both normal and abnormal metabolic or biochemical activities of the tissues and … Read more
Introduction An inguinal hernia (IH) is a hernia (protrusion) of intraabdominal or extraperitoneal organs that occurs through the inguinal canal due to weakness of the lower abdominal muscles like a transverse and oblique muscle. Incidence Classification of Inguinal Hernia Based on the Anatomical Location Direct inguinal hernia Indirect inguinal hernia Pantaloon hernia Based on the … Read more