Neurological Disease

Neurological disease is a condition affecting the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The causes of neurological disease can be genetic, environmental, infectious, or various other factors. The most typical neurological diseases are:

  • Alzheimer’s disease: It is a progressive, degenerative brain disease that impairs memory, behavior, and thinking.
  • Parkinson’s disease: It is a chronic, progressive movement disorder that affects the ability to control movements, resulting in stiffness, tremors, and balance problems.
  • Multiple sclerosis: It is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to damage to the myelin sheath and resulting in a range of symptoms, including weakness, fatigue, and numbness.
  • Epilepsy: It is a neurological condition characterized by recurring seizures ranging from brief and subtle to prolonged and violent.
  • Migraines: It is a type of headache that can be debilitating and severe, and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as sensitivity to light and sound.
  • Huntington’s disease: It is a rare genetic condition that affects the nerve cells in the brain and causes cognitive and physical function loss to progress over time.
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): It is a disease that gets worse over time and affects the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement. As a result, it causes muscle weakness and eventually paralysis.
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI): It is an intracranial injury caused by trauma or an external force resulting in symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and memory loss.

The specific condition and severity of the symptoms determine the treatment options.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG): Symptoms, Management

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Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired, rare autoimmune disorder caused by antibody-and cell-mediated destruction of acetylcholine receptors and blockade of neuromuscular transmission that results in episodic skeletal muscle weakness and easy fatigability. The autoimmune attack occurs when autoantibodies are produced against the nicotinic acetylcholine postsynaptic receptor (neurotransmitter-gated ion channel) at the neuromuscular junction of … Read more

Alzheimer’s Disease

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Alzheimer's Disease

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is progressive and occurs due to the death of nerve cells in the brain. It is the most common form of dementia caused by protein build-up in the brain affecting the transmission of messages in the brain cells. In general, Alzheimer’s disease affects parts of the brain … Read more

Encephalitis: Causes, Treatment, Prevention

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Encephalitis

Introduction Encephalitis is derived from the Greek word enkephalos meaning “brain” and itis meaning “inflammation”, which simply means the inflammation of the brain. It is an infectious condition (mostly viral) of the central nervous system (CNS) and can be life-threatening. Incidence Types of Encephalitis Primary Encephalitis When a virus directly infects the brain and spinal cord, this is called primary … Read more

Tetanus (Lockjaw): Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

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Clostridium tetani

Introduction Tetanus is an acute and serious infection caused by toxin-producing bacteria named Clostridium tetani. It was first described in Egypt over 3000 years ago and is still prevalent in the developed world as a major health problem. When the bacterial spores enter deep into the body, they produce a toxin that results in painful spasms … Read more

Epilepsy: Types of Seizures, Treatment of Epilepsy

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Symptoms of Epilepsy

Introduction Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which a group of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain signal abnormally and cause seizures.  Status epilepticus Incidence According to World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy accounts for more than 0.5% of the global burden of disease and is one of the most common neurological diseases globally. Low … Read more

Parkinson’s Disease: Stages, Symptoms, Management

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Parkinson's Disease

Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive disorder caused by the degeneration of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra, which controls body movement. Incidence Types of Parkinson’s Disease The types of Parkinson’s disease are as follows: Stages of Parkinson’s Disease  Hoehn and Yahr’s scale divides symptoms of Parkinson’s … Read more

Brain Tumor (Benign and Malignant)

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Brain Tumors

Introduction A brain tumor is the growth of abnormal cells in the brain or other parts of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the spine or cranial nerves.  Some tumors are malignant (cancerous), while others are benign (non-cancerous). Click here to understand the medical terms. Epidemiology According to International Agency for Research in Cancer, World … Read more

Trigeminal Neuralgia

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Trigeminal Neuralgia

Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is also known as prosopalgia, the Suicide Disease, or Fothergill’s disease. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain; Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) is sudden, usually unilateral, severe brief stabbing recurrent pains in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. According to the … Read more

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Types, Symptoms, Treatment

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Neurons affected by Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Incidence According to the 3rd edition of the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF) Atlas of (MS), the number of people with MS across the globe has increased from 2.3 million in 2013 to 2.8 million in … Read more

Stroke: Types, Symptoms, Treatment, Complications

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Types of Stroke

Definition of stroke In 1970, World Health Organization (WHO) defined stroke as “rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin”. Definition of stroke according to American heart association 2013 Pathophysiology Ischemic stroke … Read more