Urological disorder

Introduction Bladder exstrophy also known as ectopic vesicae is defined as a rare congenital condition that is characterized by a variety of defects affecting the ventral body wall, urinary system, genitalia, bony pelvis, spine, anus, and other structures. Incidence Causes of Bladder Exstrophy Signs and Symptoms of Bladder Exstrophy Pathophysiology of Bladder Exstrophy Diagnosis of … Read more

Introduction The retrograde flow of urine (regurgitation) from the urinary bladder to the upper urinary tract (kidney collecting system) is known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Incidence Classification of Vesicoureteral Reflux Primary VUR Secondary VUR Causes of Vesicoureteral Reflux Primary VUR Lack of maturation of the vesicoureteral junction (VUJ) Congenital anomalies of the VUJ Secondary VUR … Read more