cardiopulmonary recirculation

Cardiopulmonary recirculation arises in the arteriovenous fistula during the treatment procedure of a kidney failure patient called hemodialysis. 

•  Usually, arterial blood uses for hemodialysis via the fistula and passes through the extracorporeal circuit. 
•  After the blood purifies through the dialyzer, it no longer returns to the arterial system but is fed into the venous system. It means it is supplied directly to the cardiopulmonary system.
• Approximately 3-15% of the purified blood return to the extracorporeal dialysis circuit without taking part in the transport or exchange of substances in the capillary system.
•  Undoubtedly, cardiopulmonary recirculation is always present in a fistula.